Spurge Weed (Euphorbia spp.)
Common Names
- Spotted spurge
- Prostrate spurge
- Creeping spurge
- Garden spurge
- Milkweed (not to be confused with Asclepias species)
Description
Spurge refers to a large group of plants in the Euphorbia genus, with many species considered aggressive weeds. They are characterized by their low-growing, spreading habit and their ability to thrive in disturbed soils, lawns, and garden beds. Spurges typically produce a milky white sap when damaged, which can be toxic or irritating to the skin.
Identification
Stems & Leaves
- Sprawling, prostrate growth habit, forming dense mats.
- Leaves are small, oval, and often have a reddish-purple spot in the center.
- Stems are reddish to green and emit a white, milky sap when broken.
Flowers
- Tiny, inconspicuous flowers that lack true petals, often pinkish or greenish.
- Found at leaf axils and blend in with the foliage.
Fruits & Seeds
- Produces small, three-lobed seed capsules.
- Each capsule contains tiny, prolific seeds that aid in rapid spread.
Spread
- Spreads primarily through seed dispersal.
- Each plant can produce thousands of seeds, which germinate quickly in warm, disturbed soils.
- Seeds can remain viable in the soil for years, making eradication difficult.
Similar Species
- Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) – Similar low-growing habit but has succulent leaves and lacks milky sap.
- Sandmat Spurges (Euphorbia maculata and Euphorbia prostrata) – Closely related species with similar prostrate growth, often confused with each other.
- Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) – Produces milky sap but is a tall, upright plant with larger leaves.